The Researcher and His Study
In 1924, Minnesota University graduate student, Carney Landis decided to conduct a study to figure out if all subjects react in the same way to different emotions like joy, fear, disgust, etc. The easiest way to study this would be by observing the movement of facial muscles when emotions arise. Thus, the purpose of Landis’ study was to find repetitive patterns in facial expressions.
The Experiment

For his experiment, Landis recruited some of his fellow graduate students that were willing to volunteer to participate as his subjects. Once they entered his lab, he would paint their faces with black lines in order to examine the movements of their facial muscles. The experiment would entail photographing his volunteers’ faces while subjecting them to various types of stimuli.
The Experiment Begins
In the beginning, Landis asked his subjects to complete some pretty harmless tasks:
- Listen to jazz music
- Smell ammonia
- Read a passage from the Bible
- Tell a lie
The results, however, were discouraging, so Landis decided he needed to step up his experiment. This was when he started to show his subjects pornographic images, medical photos, etc. But Landis still struggled at getting the expressions he wanted. This would be where his experiment would start to take a very dark turn.
The Experiment Takes a Turn
Landis had his subjects stick their hand in a bucket full of live frogs and told them to search around the bottom of the bucket. At the bottom were electrical wires that were at the ready to shock his unsuspecting subjects. Yet, the worst of the experiment was still to come…
OH RATS

Landis’ experiment reached its height when he brought in the rats. Landis put a live rat in one of their hands, and in the other, a knife. He then ordered them to decapitate the rat. If they refused, he would have them watch while he decapitated the live rat in front of them. Their reactions became obvious as Landis had hoped, however they turned out to be way more complex than he expected.
This high-stress situation resulted in some:
- Crying
- Hysterically laughing
- Freezing
- Swearing
What I found shocking was that, though all were disgusted, two thirds still ended up following Landis’ order to decapitate the live rat!
The Results
The final results for his experiment were not really even noteworthy. Landis’ experiment ended up being one huge mess just for him to find out that humans don’t have a common set of facial expressions.
If you are interested in learning about any other unethical experiments and/or experiments that just went so wrong, check out the video below.





